The .ir domain is the country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Iran. It is primarily intended for entities associated with Iran, including individuals, businesses, and organizations operating within the country. The .ir domain serves as a digital identity for Iranian citizens and organizations, promoting local content and services.
The .ir domain was created in 1989, during the early days of the internet, as part of the global effort to establish country-specific domains. The initiative was driven by the need for a national identity on the internet, reflecting Iran's presence in the digital world. The domain was established under the auspices of the Iranian government and has evolved alongside the growth of internet usage in the country.
The .ir domain is currently managed by the Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), which operates under the supervision of the Iranian government. The domain is regulated by the Iranian Ministry of Information and Communications Technology (ICT), ensuring compliance with national policies and international standards.
Registration of .ir domains is open to both Iranian and foreign individuals and organizations. However, there are specific requirements and restrictions:
The registration process typically involves filling out an online application form, providing necessary documentation, and paying the registration fee. Domains can be registered for periods ranging from one to five years, with the option to renew.
The .ir domain supports Internationalized Domain Names (IDN), allowing users to register domain names in Persian script. The following technical parameters apply:
The .ir domain utilizes standard DNS protocols, and there are no unique features that differentiate it from other ccTLDs in terms of DNS or name server operations.
Like many other domains, .ir has faced challenges related to abuse, including spam and phishing attacks. The Iranian authorities have implemented several measures to combat these issues:
Despite these efforts, the reputation of the .ir domain can be affected by the actions of malicious actors, making vigilance essential for domain registrants.
The .ir domain has seen a steady increase in the number of registered domains over the years. As of October 2023, there are approximately 1.5 million registered .ir domains. The cost of registration typically ranges from $10 to $30 per year, depending on the registrar and the specific domain name.
Premium domains, which are considered highly desirable due to their short length or keyword relevance, are available for higher prices, often exceeding $100.
The .ir domain serves as an essential component of Iran's digital landscape, providing a platform for local businesses and individuals to establish their online presence. With ongoing efforts to enhance security and manage abuse, the .ir domain continues to evolve in response to the growing demands of internet users in Iran.